Biography of pope alexander iii
Pope alexander borgia!
Pope Alexander III
Head of the Catholic Church from 1159 to 1181
Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105 – 30 August 1181), born Roland (Italian: Rolando), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 September 1159 until his death in 1181.
Biography of pope alexander iii
A native of Siena, Alexander became pope after a contested election, but had to spend much of his pontificate outside Rome while several rivals, supported by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, claimed the papacy.
Alexander rejected Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos' offer to end the East–West Schism, sanctioned the Northern Crusades, and held the Third Council of the Lateran. The city of Alessandria in Piedmont is named after him.
Early life and career
Rolando was born in Siena.
From the 14th century, he was referred to as a member of the aristocratic family of Bandinelli, although this has not been proven.[1] He was long thought to be the 12th-century canon lawyer and theologian Master Rola