Robert williams autobiography

Civil rights and political activist

World War II

Proletarian Poet

A Call to Arms

The Double Standard

From Protest to Exile

Expatriate Revolutionary

Sources

Almost ten years before the formation of the Black Panther Party (a militant group formed during the Black Power movement), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) branch president Robert F.

Williams&#x;s press statement advocating meeting [racist] violence with violence sent a wave of reaction through white and conservative black circles. As an ex-serviceman disillusioned by legalist and pacifist civil rights tactics, Williams launched a local campaign of armed self-defense in his hometown of Monroe, North Carolina.

Beginning in , he lived in exile in Cuba and the People&#x;s Republic of China for eight years because of his alleged kidnapping of a white Monroe couple. Meanwhile, he established-through radio, newsletters, and correspondence- revoluti